![]() ![]() During the 1980s, Saddam Hussein had the staircase and the facade reconstructed via Middle East Eye Eridu, Uruk, and Ur The Ziggurat of Ur as it looks today. Çatalhöyük entered an era of decline until it was eventually abandoned and was left to crumble.Ģ., 3., & 4. Sheep and goats were also present, and there seems to have been a significant industry of pottery and obsidian tools.Īround 6000 BCE, people began to leave this first city faster than new immigrants arrived. ![]() The economy was agrarian, and barley, peas, almonds, and pistachios were grown among other crops. The settlement, however, lasted until 5700 BCE, and it’s possible it went through more than one political iteration. It has even been argued that Çatalhöyük was an early example of anarcho-communism. Hodder claimed that society in this first city was egalitarian, with no houses having special features and no evidence of a social distinction between men and women. Later, archeologist Ian Hodder stated that the figurines represented something else since, while the front of the figurines depicts a full-bodied woman, the reverse is almost skeletal, and the figurines are likely to represent the role of life and death in society. James Mellaart, who first excavated the site in 1958, suggested the figurines form the backbone of the religion of Çatalhöyük. Murals were commonly painted on the buildings, and figurines of seated women resembling the Venus of Willendorf were found throughout the settlement. ![]() One of the figurines found at Çatalhöyük, via The Hypothesis Evidence also shows that these heads were passed down from generation to generation. These grim reminders of the dead were probably used in rituals. Often, the skull was removed and daubed with clay and ochre to recreate the face. Instead, people were buried beneath the floor of their homes. ![]()
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